Texas-instruments BA II PLUS Manual de usuario

BA II PLUS™Calculator

6 Overview of Calculator OperationsResetting the CalculatorBecause the calculator includes alternative methods that let you clear data selectively, us

96 Appendix — Reference InformationRoundingIf a calculation produces a result with 11-digits or more, the calculator uses the internal guard digits to

Appendix — Reference Information 97Battery InformationReplacing the BatteryReplace the battery with a new CR2032 lithium battery.Caution: Risk of expl

98 Appendix — Reference InformationBattery Disposal• Do not mutilate, or dispose of batteries in fire.• The batteries can burst or explode, releasing

Appendix — Reference Information 99Texas Instruments Support and ServiceFor general information For technical supportFor Product (hardware) ServiceCus

100 Appendix — Reference InformationTexas Instruments (TI) Warranty InformationCustomers in the U.S. and Canada OnlyOne-Year Limited Warranty for Comm

Appendix — Reference Information 101This Texas Instruments electronic product warranty extends only to the original purchaser and user of the product.

102 Appendix — Reference Information

Index 103IndexSymbols#PD (number of periods) 70, 71, 72#PD (number of periods, Percent Change/Compound Interest worksheet) 70%CH (percent change) 70,

104 Indexpayments 22, 24Bondaccrued interest (AI) 52price (PRI) 56terminology 54worksheet 51–56Breakeven worksheet 78–79CC/Y (compounding periods per

Index 105Dollar price (PRI) 52, 54, 55DPB (discounted payback) 41DT1 (starting date) 60DT1, DT2 (date 1 and 2) 57, 76DUR (modified duration) 52EEFF (a

Overview of Calculator Operations 7Correcting Entry ErrorsExample: You mean to calculate 3 Q 1234.56 but instead enter 1234.86.The prompted worksheet

106 Indexbond yield (more than one coupon period to redemption) 88bond yield (one coupon period or less to redemption) 87bonds 87breakeven 92cash flow

Index 107Nn (number of observations) 63, 65N (number of periods) 24N (number of periods, TVM worksheet) 22Negative (–) indicator 3Net future value (NF

108 Indexentering depreciation data 60generating a depreciation schedule 60generating amortization schedules 25, 26inserting cash flows 44selecting a

Index 109Starting month (M01) 57, 59, 60Starting payment (P1) 22, 24Statistical data 66Statistics worksheet 63–67Storing to memory 12Straight line (SL

110 Index

8 Overview of Calculator OperationsMath OperationsWhen you select the chain (Chn) calculation method, the calculator evaluates mathematical expression

Overview of Calculator Operations 9* The random number you generate might be different.** Angles can be computed in degrees or radians. Examples show

10 Overview of Calculator OperationsParentheses 9 :Use parentheses to control the order in which the calculator evaluates a numeric expression in divi

Overview of Calculator Operations 11For example, working in the Bond worksheet, you might want to round a computed selling price to the nearest penny

12 Overview of Calculator OperationsMemory OperationsClearing MemoryClearing memory before you begin a new calculation is a critical step in avoiding

Overview of Calculator Operations 13• Memory arithmetic changes only the value in the affected memory and not the displayed value.• Memory arithmetic

14 Overview of Calculator OperationsKeystrokes for Constant CalculationsThis table shows how to create a constant for various operations.*The letter c

Overview of Calculator Operations 15Using Worksheets: Tools for Financial SolutionsEach worksheet is independent of the others: operations in a worksh

iiImportant InformationTexas Instruments makes no warranty, either express or implied, including but not limited to any implied warranties of merchant

16 Overview of Calculator OperationsAccessing the TVM Worksheet VariablesStatistics worksheet (Chapter 6)Analyzes statistics on one- or two-variable d

Overview of Calculator Operations 17Accessing Prompted-Worksheet VariablesAfter you access a worksheet, press # or " to select variables. For exa

18 Overview of Calculator OperationsWhen you display a compute-only variable, the COMPUTE indicator reminds you to press % to compute its value. After

Overview of Calculator Operations 19Display Indicators•The  indicator confirms that the calculator entered the displayed value in the worksheet. •The

20 Overview of Calculator Operations

Time-Value-of-Money and Amortization Worksheets 212Time-Value-of-Money and Amortization WorksheetsAfter solving a TVM problem, you can use the Amortiz

22 Time-Value-of-Money and Amortization WorksheetsTVM and Amortization Worksheet VariablesNote: This guidebook categorizes calculator variables by the

Time-Value-of-Money and Amortization Worksheets 23• To generate an amortization schedule, press & \, enter the first and last payment number in th

24 Time-Value-of-Money and Amortization WorksheetsEntering Values for I/Y, P/Y, and C/Y•Enter I/Y as the nominal interest rate. The TVM worksheet auto

Time-Value-of-Money and Amortization Worksheets 25• In worksheet modes the calculator displays only the value you enter or recall, although any variab

ContentsiiiImportant Information... iiUSA FCC Information Concerning Radio Frequency I

26 Time-Value-of-Money and Amortization Worksheets6. Press & \.— or —If INT is displayed, press # to display P1 again.7. To generate the amortizat

Time-Value-of-Money and Amortization Worksheets 27Answer: The interest rate is 5.5% per year.Examples: Computing Basic Loan Payments These examples sh

28 Time-Value-of-Money and Amortization WorksheetsAnswer: The quarterly payments are $1,279.82.Examples: Computing Value in SavingsThese examples show

Time-Value-of-Money and Amortization Worksheets 29Example: Computing Present Value in AnnuitiesThe Furros Company purchased equipment providing an ann

30 Time-Value-of-Money and Amortization WorksheetsAnswer: The present value of the savings is $122,891.34 with an ordinary annuity and $135,180.48 wit

Time-Value-of-Money and Amortization Worksheets 31Perpetual annuity dueBecause the term (1 + I/Y / 100)-N in the present value annuity equations appro

32 Time-Value-of-Money and Amortization WorksheetsGiven a 10% discount rate, does the present value of the cash flows exceed the original cost of $23,

Time-Value-of-Money and Amortization Worksheets 33Answer: The present value of the cash flows is $23,171.23, which exceeds the machine’s cost by $171.

34 Time-Value-of-Money and Amortization WorksheetsThe total value of the machine is the present value of the residual value plus the present value of

Time-Value-of-Money and Amortization Worksheets 35Answer: Your monthly payment is $26.72.Example: Saving With Monthly DepositsNote: Accounts with paym

ivUneven and Grouped Cash Flows...42Entering Cash Flows...

36 Time-Value-of-Money and Amortization WorksheetsAnswer: Depositing $200 at the beginning of each month for 20 years results in a future amount of $1

Time-Value-of-Money and Amortization Worksheets 37Answer: You can borrow $13,441.47 with a down payment of $1,658.53. Example: Computing Regular Depos

38 Time-Value-of-Money and Amortization WorksheetsExample: Computing Payments and Generating an Amortization ScheduleThis example shows you how to use

Time-Value-of-Money and Amortization Worksheets 39Example: Computing Payment, Interest, and Loan Balance After a Specified PaymentA group of sellers c

40 Time-Value-of-Money and Amortization WorksheetsGenerating an Amortization Schedule for Interest and Balloon PaymentIf the sellers financed the sale

Cash Flow Worksheet 413Cash Flow WorksheetCash Flow Worksheet Variables* nn represents the cash flow (C01–C24) or frequency (F01–F24) number.Use the C

42 Cash Flow Worksheet** This guidebook categorizes variables by the method of entry. (See “Types of Worksheet Variables” on page 17.) Resetting Varia

Cash Flow Worksheet 43Grouped Cash FlowsCash-flow problems can contain cash flows with unique values as well as consecutive cash flows of equal value.

44 Cash Flow WorksheetThe DEL indicator confirms that you can delete a cash flow.1. Press # or " until the cash flow you want to delete appears.2

Cash Flow Worksheet 45• Internal rate of return (IRR) is the interest rate at which the net present value of the cash flows is equal to 0.Computing NP

Overview of Calculator Operations 11Overview of Calculator OperationsThis chapter describes the basic operation of your BA II PLUS™ calculator, inclu

46 Cash Flow WorksheetWhen more than one solution exists, the calculator displays the one closest to zero. Because the displayed solution has no finan

Cash Flow Worksheet 47Entering Cash-Flow DataEditing Cash-Flow DataAfter entering the cash-flow data, you learn that the $4,000 cash-flow value should

48 Cash Flow WorksheetComputing NPVUse an interest rate per period (I) of 20%.Answers: NPV is $7,266.44.Computing IRR Answer: IRR is 52.71%. Example:

Cash Flow Worksheet 49• What even payment amount at the beginning of each month would result in the same present value?Because the cash flows are unev

50 Cash Flow WorksheetEnter monthly earnings rate. 10 6 12 !I=0.83Compute NPV. # %NPV=-138,088.44To Press Display

Bond Worksheet 514Bond WorksheetNote: Pressing # or " to navigate through the Bond worksheet before you enter values causes an error (Error 6). T

52 Bond WorksheetBond Worksheet VariablesResetting Bond Worksheet Variables• To reset the Bond worksheet variables to default values, press & z wh

Bond Worksheet 53• The calculator assumes that the redemption date (RDT) coincides with a coupon date:–To compute to maturity, enter the maturity date

54 Bond WorksheetBond Worksheet TerminologyEntering Bond Data and Computing ResultsTo compute values for price (PRI) or yield (YLD) and accrued intere

Bond Worksheet 55If necessary, change the day-count method (ACT or 360) and coupon-frequency (2/Y or 1/Y). The Bond worksheet stores all values and se

2 Overview of Calculator Operations• The Constant Memory™ feature retains all worksheet values and settings, including the contents of the 10 memories

56 Bond WorksheetExample: Computing Bond Price and Accrued InterestYou consider buying a semiannual corporate bond maturing on December 31, 2007 and s

Depreciation Worksheet 575Depreciation WorksheetDepreciation Worksheet VariablesThe Depreciation worksheet lets you generate a depreciation schedule u

58 Depreciation Worksheet* SLF and DBF are available only if you select the European format for dates or separators in numbers. (See “Setting Calculat

Depreciation Worksheet 59Entering Values for DB and DBXIf you choose either the declining balance (DB) or declining balance with crossover to SL (DBX)

60 Depreciation WorksheetSelecting a Depreciation Method1. To access the Depreciation worksheet, press & p. The current depreciation method is dis

Depreciation Worksheet 61Example: Computing Straight-Line DepreciationIn mid-March, a company begins depreciation of a commercial building with a 31½

62 Depreciation Worksheet

Statistics Worksheet 636Statistics WorksheetStatistics Worksheet VariablesThe Statistics worksheet performs analysis on one-and two-variable data with

64 Statistics Worksheet* nn represents the number of the current X or Y value.** Not displayed for one-variable statistics.*** This guidebook categori

Statistics Worksheet 65• When you enter data for one-variable statistics, Xnn represents the value and Ynn specifies the number of occurrences (freque

Overview of Calculator Operations 3The indicators along the top of the display tell you which keys are active and offer information about the status o

66 Statistics Worksheet• Ln uses ln(X) and Y.• EXP uses X and ln(Y).• PWR uses ln(X) and ln(Y).The calculator determines the values for a and b that c

Statistics Worksheet 67Computing Statistical ResultsSelecting a Statistics Calculation Method1. Press & k to select the statistical calculation po

68 Statistics Worksheet

Other Worksheets 697Other WorksheetsThe calculator also includes these worksheets:Percent Change/Compound Interest WorksheetPercent Change/Compound In

70 Other WorksheetsResetting the Percent Change/Compound Interest Worksheet Variables• To reset the Percent Change/Compound Interest variables to defa

Other Worksheets 713. To enter values for the known variables, press # or " until the variable you want is displayed, then key in a value, and pr

72 Other WorksheetsAnswer: The annual growth rate is 8.45%.Example: Computing Cost-Sell-MarkupThe original cost of an item is $100; the selling price

Other Worksheets 73Comparing the Nominal Interest Rate of Investments Comparing the nominal interest rate (annual percentage rate) of investments is m

74 Other Worksheets6. To compute a value for the unknown variable (interest rate), press # or " until NOM or EFF is displayed, and then press %.

Other Worksheets 75Note: The calculator categorizes variables by their method of entry. (See “Types of Worksheet Variables” on page 17.)Resetting the

4 Overview of Calculator OperationsSetting Calculator Formats 1. To access format options, press & |. The DEC indicator appears with the selected

76 Other Worksheets6. To change the day-count method setting, press # until ACT or 360 is displayed.7. To compute a value for the unknown variable, pr

Other Worksheets 77Note: This guidebook categorizes calculator variables by their method of entry. (See “Types of Worksheet Variables” on page 17.)Gro

78 Other WorksheetsAnswer: The original cost is $100. Breakeven WorksheetNote: To solve for quantity (Q), enter a value of zero for profit (PFT).Break

Other Worksheets 79Computing Breakeven1. To access the Breakeven worksheet, press & r. The FC variable appears.2. Press # or " to select a kn

80 Other WorksheetsMemory WorksheetMemory Worksheet VariablesNote: This guidebook categorizes calculator variables by their method of entry. (See “Typ

Other Worksheets 81• To view the contents of the memories, press # or " once for each memory.• To store a value, select a memory (M0-M9), key in

82 Other Worksheets

Appendix — Reference Information 83AAppendix — Reference InformationThis appendix includes supplemental information to help you use your BA II PLUSé

84 Appendix — Reference InformationI/Y = where:x = iy =P/Y P C/YGi = 1 + i Q kwhere: k =0 for end-of-period paymentsk =1 for beginning-of-period payme

Appendix — Reference Information 85where: i ƒ0FV = L(PV + PMT Q N)where:i =0AmortizationIf computing bal(), pmt2 = npmtLet bal(0) = RND(PV)Iterate fro

Overview of Calculator Operations 5Changing the number of decimal places affects the display only. Except for amortization and depreciation results, t

86 Appendix — Reference InformationNet present value depends on the values of the initial cash flow (CF0), subsequent cash flows (CFj), frequency of e

Appendix — Reference Information 87Bonds1Price (given yield) with one coupon period or less to redemption:where:PRI =dollar price per $100 par valueRV

88 Appendix — Reference InformationPrice (given yield) with more than one coupon period to redemption:where: N =number of coupons payable between sett

Appendix — Reference Information 89Straight-line depreciationFirst year: Last year or more: DEP = RDVCST SAL–LIF---------------------------CST SAL–LIF

90 Appendix — Reference InformationSum-of-the-years’-digits depreciationFirst year: Last year or more: DEP = RDVDeclining-balance depreciationwhere: R

Appendix — Reference Information 91Standard deviation with n-1 weighting (sx):Mean: RegressionsFormulas apply to all regression models using transform

92 Appendix — Reference Informationwhere: OLD =old valueNEW =new value%CH =percent change#PD =number of periodsProfit MarginBreakevenPFT = P Q N (FC +

Appendix — Reference Information 93where: M1 =month of first dateDT1 =day of first dateY1 =year of first dateM2 =month of second dateDT2 =day of secon

94 Appendix — Reference InformationError MessagesNote: To clear an error message, press P.Error Possible CausesError 1Overflow• A result is outside th

Appendix — Reference Information 95Accuracy InformationThe calculator stores results internally as 13-digit numbers but displays them rounded to 10 di