Texas Instruments MSP430x1xx Manual de usuario Pagina 38
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CPU Introduction
3-2
RISC 16-Bit CPU
3.1 CPU Introduction
The CPU incorporates features specifically designed for modern
programming techniques such as calculated branching, table processing and
the use of high-level languages such as C. The CPU can address the complete
address range without paging.
The CPU features include:
- RISC architecture with 27 instructions and 7 addressing modes.
- Orthogonal architecture with every instruction usable with every
addressing mode.
- Full register access including program counter, status registers, and stack
pointer.
- Single-cycle register operations.
- Large 16-bit register file reduces fetches to memory.
- 16-bit address bus allows direct access and branching throughout entire
memory range.
- 16-bit data bus allows direct manipulation of word-wide arguments.
- Constant generator provides six most used immediate values and
reduces code size.
- Direct memory-to-memory transfers without intermediate register holding.
- Word and byte addressing and instruction formats.
The block diagram of the CPU is shown in Figure 3−1.
- User’s Guide 1
- 3
- Glossary 4
- Register Bit Conventions 5
- 7
- Contents 9
- Contents 10
- 13
- 1.1 Architecture 14
- 1.2 Flexible Clock System 14
- 1.3 Embedded Emulation 15
- 1.4 Address Space 16
- 1.4.3 Peripheral Modules 17
- 1.4.5 Memory Organization 17
- Introduction 18
- 19
- 19
- 2.1.1 Power-On Reset (POR) 21
- Figure 2−2. POR Timing 21
- 2.1.2 Brownout Reset (BOR) 22
- Figure 2−3. Brownout Timing 22
- Software Initialization 23
- 2.2 Interrupts 24
- Reset/NMI Pin 25
- Flash Access Violation 27
- Oscillator Fault 27
- 2.2.2 Maskable Interrupts 28
- 2.2.3 Interrupt Processing 29
- Interrupt Acceptance 29
- Return From Interrupt 30
- Interrupt Nesting 30
- 2.2.4 Interrupt Vectors 31
- 2.3 Operating Modes 32
- 2.5 Connection of Unused Pins 35
- ! 37
- 3.1 CPU Introduction 38
- Figure 3−1. CPU Block Diagram 39
- 3.2 CPU Registers 40
- 3.2.2 Stack Pointer (SP) 41
- Figure 3−3. Stack Pointer 41
- Figure 3−4. Stack Usage 41
- 3.2.3 Status Register (SR) 42
- 3.3 Addressing Modes 45
- 3.3.1 Register Mode 46
- 3.3.2 Indexed Mode 47
- 3.3.3 Symbolic Mode 48
- 3.3.4 Absolute Mode 49
- 3.3.5 Indirect Register Mode 50
- 3.3.7 Immediate Mode 52
- 3.4 Instruction Set 53
- B/W D/S-Reg 55
- 3.4.3 Jumps 56
- Table 3−13.Jump Instructions 56
- Clear carry bit 67
- Clear negative bit 68
- Decrement destination 73
- ] Increment destination 77
- Jump if greater or equal 82
- Jump if less 83
- Jump unconditionally 84
- Jump if negative 85
- No operation 89
- Rotate left arithmetically 94
- Rotate left through carry 95
- Instruction Set 100
- RISC 16−Bit CPU 100
- Instruction Set 101
- 15 8 7 0 104
- → PC − − − − 111
- Chapter 4 113
- Note: XT2 Oscillator 115
- Basic Clock Module Operation 116
- Basic Clock Module 116
- 4.2.2 LFXT1 Oscillator 117
- 4.2.3 XT2 Oscillator 118
- Disabling the DCO 118
- Adjusting the DCO frequency 119
- Using an External Resistor (R 120
- ) for the DCO 120
- 4.2.5 DCO Modulator 121
- Oscillator Fault Detection 123
- Sourcing MCLK from a Crystal 124
- DCOCTL, DCO Control Register 127
- 76543210 128
- SELMx DIVMx SELS DIVSx DCOR 128
- Basic Clock Module Registers 129
- Chapter 5 131
- 5.1 Flash Memory Introduction 132
- 5.2 Flash Memory Segmentation 133
- 5.3 Flash Memory Operation 134
- 5.3.2 Erasing Flash Memory 135
- Table 5−1.Erase Modes 135
- Initiating an Erase from RAM 137
- 5.3.3 Writing Flash Memory 138
- Table 5−2.Write Modes 138
- Byte/Word Write 138
- Block Write 141
- Block Write Flow and Example 142
- Figure 5−11. Block Write Flow 142
- Flash Memory Operation 146
- Flash Memory Controller 146
- 5.4 Flash Memory Registers 147
- Flash Memory Registers 151
- Chapter 6 153
- 6.1 SVS Introduction 154
- Figure 6−1. SVS Block Diagram 155
- 6.2 SVS Operation 156
- 6.2.3 Changing the VLDx Bits 157
- 6.2.4 SVS Operating Range 158
- 6.3 SVS Registers 159
- Supply Voltage Supervisor 160
- Chapter 7 161
- 7.2.1 Operand Registers 163
- Table 7−1.OP1 addresses 163
- 7.2.2 Result Registers 164
- Table 7−2.RESHI Contents 164
- Table 7−3.SUMEXT Contents 164
- MACS Underflow and Overflow 164
- 7.2.3 Software Examples 165
- 7.2.5 Using Interrupts 166
- Hardware Multiplier 168
- () "" 169
- 8.1 DMA Introduction 170
- 8.2 DMA Operation 172
- 8.2.2 DMA Transfer Modes 173
- Table 8−1.DMA Transfer Modes 173
- Single Transfer 174
- Block Transfers 176
- Burst-Block Transfers 178
- Edge-Sensitive Triggers 180
- Level-Sensitive Triggers 180
- 8.2.4 Stopping DMA Transfers 182
- 8.2.5 DMA Channel Priorities 182
- 8.2.6 DMA Transfer Cycle Time 183
- 8.2.9 Using the I 185
- 8.3 DMA Registers 186
- ("* 193
- 9.1 Digital I/O Introduction 194
- 9.2 Digital I/O Operation 195
- Digital I/O Operation 196
- Digital I/O 196
- 9.2.5 P1 and P2 Interrupts 197
- Interrupt Enable P1IE, P2IE 198
- 9.3 Digital I/O Registers 199
- + 201
- Watchdog Timer Introduction 203
- Watchdog Timer 203
- 10.2 Watchdog Timer Operation 204
- Watchdog Timer Operation 205
- 10.2.6 Software Examples 206
- 10.3 Watchdog Timer Registers 207
- Watchdog Timer Registers 209
- Chapter 11 211
- 11.1 Timer_A Introduction 212
- Timer_A Introduction 213
- 11.2 Timer_A Operation 214
- 11.2.2 Starting the Timer 215
- 11.2.3 Timer Mode Control 215
- Table 11−1.Timer Modes 215
- Figure 11−2. Up Mode 216
- Continuous Mode 217
- Figure 11−4. Continuous Mode 217
- Use of the Continuous Mode 218
- Up/Down Mode 219
- Figure 11−7. Up/Down Mode 219
- Use of the Up/Down Mode 220
- 11.2.4 Capture/Compare Blocks 221
- Capture Mode 221
- Figure 11−11.Capture Cycle 222
- Compare Mode 222
- 11.2.5 Output Unit 223
- Output Modes 223
- Table 11−2.Output Modes 223
- Timer_A Operation 224
- 11.2.6 Timer_A Interrupts 227
- TACCR0 Interrupt 227
- 11.3 Timer_A Registers 229
- TAR, Timer_A Register 231
- Chapter 12 235
- 12.1 Timer_B Introduction 236
- Timer_B Introduction 237
- 12.2 Timer_B Operation 238
- 12.2.2 Starting the Timer 239
- 12.2.3 Timer Mode Control 239
- Table 12−1.Timer Modes 239
- Figure 12−2. Up Mode 240
- Figure 12−4. Continuous Mode 241
- Figure 12−7. Up/Down Mode 243
- 12.2.4 Capture/Compare Blocks 245
- Figure 12−11.Capture Cycle 246
- Table 12−2.TBCLx Load Events 247
- 12.2.5 Output Unit 248
- Table 12−4.Output Modes 248
- Timer_B Operation 249
- 12.2.6 Timer_B Interrupts 252
- 12.3 Timer_B Registers 254
- TBR, Timer_B Register 256
- Chapter 13 261
- USART Introduction: UART Mode 263
- 13.2.2 Character Format 264
- Figure 13−2. Character Format 264
- Figure 13−3. Idle-Line Format 265
- USART Operation: UART Mode 266
- Automatic Error Detection 268
- 13.2.4 USART Receive Enable 269
- 13.2.5 USART Transmit Enable 270
- Baud Rate Bit Timing 272
- Transmit Bit Timing 273
- Receive Bit Timing 274
- Figure 13−9. Receive Error 274
- Typical Baud Rates and Errors 276
- 13.2.7 USART Interrupts 277
- UxCTL, USART Control Register 282
- USART Registers: UART Mode 285
- UxRXBUFx 286
- UxTXBUFx 286
- ME1, Module Enable Register 1 287
- ME2, Module Enable Register 2 287
- Chapter 14 292
- USART Introduction: SPI Mode 294
- 14.2.2 Master Mode 296
- Four-Pin SPI Master Mode 296
- 14.2.3 Slave Mode 297
- Four-Pin SPI Slave Mode 297
- 14.2.4 SPI Enable 298
- Transmit Enable 298
- Receive Enable 299
- 14.2.5 Serial Clock Control 300
- Figure 14−9. USART SPI Timing 301
- 14.2.6 SPI Interrupts 302
- USART Operation: SPI Mode 303
- USART Registers: SPI Mode 308
- Chapter 15 315
- C Module Introduction 316
- USART Peripheral Interface, I 317
- C Module Operation 318
- 15.2.1 I 319
- C Module Initialization 319
- 15.2.4 I 322
- C Module Operating Modes 322
- Master Mode 322
- Table 15−1.Master Operation 322
- Slave Mode 326
- Figure 15−12. Slave Receiver 328
- 15.2.5 The I 329
- C Data Register I2CDR 329
- Transmit Underflow 329
- Receive Overrun 329
- 15.2.7 Using the I 331
- C Module with Low Power Modes 331
- 15.2.8 I 332
- C Interrupts 332
- Table 15−3.I 332
- RETI ; Vector 0: No interrupt 333
- C Module Registers 334
- I2CTCTL, I 336
- C Transmit Control Register 336
- I2CDCTL, I 337
- C Data Control Register 337
- I2CDRW, I2CDRB, I 338
- C Data Register 338
- I2CNDAT, I 338
- I2CPSC, I 339
- C Clock Prescaler Register 339
- I2CSCLH, I 340
- C Shift Clock High Register 340
- I2CSCLL, I 340
- C Shift Clock Low Register 340
- I2COA, I 341
- I2CSA, I 342
- I2CIE, I 343
- C Interrupt Enable Register 343
- I2CIFG, I 344
- C Interrupt Flag Register 344
- I2CIV, I 345
- C Interrupt Vector Register 345
- ,) 347
- Comparator_A Introduction 349
- Comparator_A 349
- 16.2 Comparator_A Operation 350
- 16.2.3 Output Filter 351
- 16.3 Comparator_A Registers 355
- Chapter 17 359
- 17.1 ADC12 Introduction 360
- ADC12 Introduction 361
- 17.2 ADC12 Operation 362
- Analog Port Selection 363
- 17.2.4 Auto Power-Down 364
- Extended Sample Mode 365
- Pulse Sample Mode 366
- Sample Timing Considerations 367
- 17.2.6 Conversion Memory 368
- 17.2.7 ADC12 Conversion Modes 368
- x = pointer to ADC12MCTLx 369
- Sequence-of-Channels Mode 370
- Repeat-Single-Channel Mode 371
- Stopping Conversions 373
- ADC12 Operation 374
- 17.2.10 ADC12 Interrupts 376
- 17.3 ADC12 Registers 378
- EOS SREFx INCHx 383
- Modifiable only when ENC = 0 383
- ADC12 Registers 384
- ADC12IEx 384
- ADC12IFGx 384
- ADC12 interrupt vector value 385
- Chapter 18 387
- 18.1 ADC10 Introduction 388
- ADC10 Introduction 389
- 18.2 ADC10 Operation 390
- 18.2.4 Auto Power-Down 392
- Figure 18−3. Sample Timing 393
- 18.2.6 Conversion Modes 395
- Using the MSC Bit 400
- ADC10 Operation 401
- One-Block Transfer Mode 402
- Two-Block Transfer Mode 404
- Continuous Transfer 406
- DTC Transfer Cycle Time 406
- 18.2.10 ADC10 Interrupts 409
- 18.3 ADC10 Registers 410
- Chapter 19 419
- 19.1 DAC12 Introduction 420
- DAC12 Introduction 421
- 19.2 DAC12 Operation 422
- 19.2.2 DAC12 Reference 423
- 19.2.4 DAC12_xDAT Data Format 424
- Figure 19−4. Negative Offset 425
- Figure 19−5. Positive Offset 425
- 19.2.7 DAC12 Interrupts 427
- 19.3 DAC12 Registers 428
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